基于RGB图像的人类姿势估计（HPE）经历了从深度学习中受益的快速发展。但是，基于事件的HPE尚未得到充分研究，这仍然是在极端场景和关键效率条件下应用的巨大潜力。在本文中，我们是第一个直接从3D事件点云中估算2D人类姿势的人。我们提出了一个新颖的事件表示，即栅格的事件点云，将事件汇总在小时切片的相同位置上。它保持了来自多个统计提示的3D功能，并显着降低了记忆消耗和计算复杂性，这在我们的工作中很有效。然后，我们利用两种不同的骨干，点网，DGCNN和点变压器来利用栅格化事件点云，并使用两个线性层解码器来预测人关键点的位置。我们发现，基于我们的方法，PointNet以更快的速度实现了令人鼓舞的结果，而点传感器的精度也更高，甚至接近以前的基于事件框架的方法。一组全面的结果表明，在事件驱动的人姿势估计中，我们提出的方法对这些3D主干模型始终有效。我们基于2048点输入的PointNet的方法在DHP19数据集上的MPJPE3D中实现了82.46mm，而在NVIDIA Jetson jetson Xavier NX Edge Computing Platform上仅具有12.29ms的延迟，理想地适合于实时检测事件Cameras。代码将在https://github.com/masterhow/eventpointpose上公开制作。

光流估计是自动驾驶和机器人系统系统中的一项基本任务，它可以在时间上解释流量场景。自动驾驶汽车显然受益于360 {\ deg}全景传感器提供的超宽视野（FOV）。但是，由于全景相机的独特成像过程，专为针孔图像设计的模型不会令人满意地概括为360 {\ deg}全景图像。在本文中，我们提出了一个新颖的网络框架 - panoflow，以学习全景图像的光流。为了克服全景转化中等应角投影引起的扭曲，我们设计了一种流动失真增强（FDA）方法，其中包含径向流量失真（FDA-R）或等骨流量失真（FDA-E）。我们进一步研究了全景视频的环状光流的定义和特性，并通过利用球形图像的环状来推断360 {\ deg}光流并将大型位移转换为相对小的位移，从而提出了环状流量估计（CFE）方法移位。 Panoflow适用于任何现有的流量估计方法，并从狭窄的FOL流量估计的进度中受益。此外，我们创建并释放基于CARLA的合成全景数据集Flow360，以促进训练和定量分析。 Panoflow在公共Omniflownet和已建立的Flow360基准中实现了最先进的表现。我们提出的方法将Flow360上的端点误差（EPE）降低了27.3％。在Omniflownet上，Panoflow获得了3.17像素的EPE，从最佳发布的结果中降低了55.5％的误差。我们还通过收集工具和公共现实世界中的全球数据集对我们的方法进行定性验证我们的方法，这表明对现实世界导航应用程序的强大潜力和稳健性。代码和数据集可在https://github.com/masterhow/panoflow上公开获取。

由于长时间曝光时间，传统的基于帧的相机不可避免地遭受运动模糊。作为一种生物启发相机，事件摄像机以具有高时间分辨率的异步方式记录强度变化，在曝光时间内提供有效的图像劣化信息。在本文中，我们重新思考基于事件的图像去掩盖问题并将其展开成为端到端的两级图像恢复网络。为了有效地利用事件信息，我们设计（i）专门用于图像去纹理的新型对称累积事件表示，以及（ii）在我们网络的多个级别应用的仿射事件图像融合模块。我们还提出了网络的两个阶段之间的事件掩码所连接的连接，以避免信息丢失。在数据集级别，为了促进基于事件的运动解训，并促进挑战真实世界图像的评估，我们介绍了在照明控制的光学实验室中使用活动摄像机捕获的高质量模糊（HQBLUR）数据集。我们的多尺度事件融合网络（MEFNET）设置了用于运动解训的新技术，超越了先前最佳的基于图像的方法和GoPro上的公共实现的所有基于事件的方法（高达2.38dB即使在极端模糊条件下，也是HQBLUR Datasets。源代码和数据集将公开可用。

Accurate determination of a small molecule candidate (ligand) binding pose in its target protein pocket is important for computer-aided drug discovery. Typical rigid-body docking methods ignore the pocket flexibility of protein, while the more accurate pose generation using molecular dynamics is hindered by slow protein dynamics. We develop a tiered tensor transform (3T) algorithm to rapidly generate diverse protein-ligand complex conformations for both pose and affinity estimation in drug screening, requiring neither machine learning training nor lengthy dynamics computation, while maintaining both coarse-grain-like coordinated protein dynamics and atomistic-level details of the complex pocket. The 3T conformation structures we generate are closer to experimental co-crystal structures than those generated by docking software, and more importantly achieve significantly higher accuracy in active ligand classification than traditional ensemble docking using hundreds of experimental protein conformations. 3T structure transformation is decoupled from the system physics, making future usage in other computational scientific domains possible.

For Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, many models have been established to characterize their degradation process. The existing empirical or physical models can reveal important information regarding the degradation dynamics. However, there is no general and flexible methods to fuse the information represented by those models. Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is an efficient tool to fuse empirical or physical dynamic models with data-driven models. To take full advantage of various information sources, we propose a model fusion scheme based on PINN. It is implemented by developing a semi-empirical semi-physical Partial Differential Equation (PDE) to model the degradation dynamics of Li-ion-batteries. When there is little prior knowledge about the dynamics, we leverage the data-driven Deep Hidden Physics Model (DeepHPM) to discover the underlying governing dynamic models. The uncovered dynamics information is then fused with that mined by the surrogate neural network in the PINN framework. Moreover, an uncertainty-based adaptive weighting method is employed to balance the multiple learning tasks when training the PINN. The proposed methods are verified on a public dataset of Li-ion Phosphate (LFP)/graphite batteries.

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging aims to reconstruct the three-dimensional hidden scenes from the data measured in the line-of-sight, which uses photon time-of-flight information encoded in light after multiple diffuse reflections. The under-sampled scanning data can facilitate fast imaging. However, the resulting reconstruction problem becomes a serious ill-posed inverse problem, the solution of which is of high possibility to be degraded due to noises and distortions. In this paper, we propose two novel NLOS reconstruction models based on curvature regularization, i.e., the object-domain curvature regularization model and the dual (i.e., signal and object)-domain curvature regularization model. Fast numerical optimization algorithms are developed relying on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with the backtracking stepsize rule, which are further accelerated by GPU implementation. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on both synthetic and real datasets, which achieve state-of-the-art performance, especially in the compressed sensing setting. All our codes and data are available at https://github.com/Duanlab123/CurvNLOS.

Masked image modeling (MIM) has shown great promise for self-supervised learning (SSL) yet been criticized for learning inefficiency. We believe the insufficient utilization of training signals should be responsible. To alleviate this issue, we introduce a conceptually simple yet learning-efficient MIM training scheme, termed Disjoint Masking with Joint Distillation (DMJD). For disjoint masking (DM), we sequentially sample multiple masked views per image in a mini-batch with the disjoint regulation to raise the usage of tokens for reconstruction in each image while keeping the masking rate of each view. For joint distillation (JD), we adopt a dual branch architecture to respectively predict invisible (masked) and visible (unmasked) tokens with superior learning targets. Rooting in orthogonal perspectives for training efficiency improvement, DM and JD cooperatively accelerate the training convergence yet not sacrificing the model generalization ability. Concretely, DM can train ViT with half of the effective training epochs (3.7 times less time-consuming) to report competitive performance. With JD, our DMJD clearly improves the linear probing classification accuracy over ConvMAE by 5.8%. On fine-grained downstream tasks like semantic segmentation, object detection, etc., our DMJD also presents superior generalization compared with state-of-the-art SSL methods. The code and model will be made public at https://github.com/mx-mark/DMJD.

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most important branches of AI. Due to its capacity for self-adaption and decision-making in dynamic environments, reinforcement learning has been widely applied in multiple areas, such as healthcare, data markets, autonomous driving, and robotics. However, some of these applications and systems have been shown to be vulnerable to security or privacy attacks, resulting in unreliable or unstable services. A large number of studies have focused on these security and privacy problems in reinforcement learning. However, few surveys have provided a systematic review and comparison of existing problems and state-of-the-art solutions to keep up with the pace of emerging threats. Accordingly, we herein present such a comprehensive review to explain and summarize the challenges associated with security and privacy in reinforcement learning from a new perspective, namely that of the Markov Decision Process (MDP). In this survey, we first introduce the key concepts related to this area. Next, we cover the security and privacy issues linked to the state, action, environment, and reward function of the MDP process, respectively. We further highlight the special characteristics of security and privacy methodologies related to reinforcement learning. Finally, we discuss the possible future research directions within this area.

Detecting abrupt changes in data distribution is one of the most significant tasks in streaming data analysis. Although many unsupervised Change-Point Detection (CPD) methods have been proposed recently to identify those changes, they still suffer from missing subtle changes, poor scalability, or/and sensitive to noise points. To meet these challenges, we are the first to generalise the CPD problem as a special case of the Change-Interval Detection (CID) problem. Then we propose a CID method, named iCID, based on a recent Isolation Distributional Kernel (IDK). iCID identifies the change interval if there is a high dissimilarity score between two non-homogeneous temporal adjacent intervals. The data-dependent property and finite feature map of IDK enabled iCID to efficiently identify various types of change points in data streams with the tolerance of noise points. Moreover, the proposed online and offline versions of iCID have the ability to optimise key parameter settings. The effectiveness and efficiency of iCID have been systematically verified on both synthetic and real-world datasets.

In the new era of personalization, learning the heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) becomes an inevitable trend with numerous applications. Yet, most existing HTE estimation methods focus on independently and identically distributed observations and cannot handle the non-stationarity and temporal dependency in the common panel data setting. The treatment evaluators developed for panel data, on the other hand, typically ignore the individualized information. To fill the gap, in this paper, we initialize the study of HTE estimation in panel data. Under different assumptions for HTE identifiability, we propose the corresponding heterogeneous one-side and two-side synthetic learner, namely H1SL and H2SL, by leveraging the state-of-the-art HTE estimator for non-panel data and generalizing the synthetic control method that allows flexible data generating process. We establish the convergence rates of the proposed estimators. The superior performance of the proposed methods over existing ones is demonstrated by extensive numerical studies.